See: Description
Interface | Description |
---|---|
SQLClient |
A common asynchronous client interface for interacting with SQL compliant database
|
SQLConnection |
Represents a connection to a SQL database
|
SQLRowStream |
A ReadStream of Rows from the underlying RDBMS.
|
Class | Description |
---|---|
ResultSet |
Represents the results of a SQL query.
|
ResultSetConverter |
Converter for
ResultSet . |
UpdateResult |
Represents the result of an update/insert/delete operation on the database.
|
UpdateResultConverter |
Converter for
UpdateResult . |
Enum | Description |
---|---|
TransactionIsolation |
Represents a Transaction Isolation Level
|
Exception | Description |
---|---|
RuntimeSQLException |
SQLConnection
.
=== Auto-commit
When you obtain a connection auto commit is set to `true`. This means that each operation you perform will effectively
execute in its own transaction.
If you wish to perform multiple operations in a single transaction you should set auto commit to false with
SQLConnection.setAutoCommit(boolean, io.vertx.core.Handler)
.
When the operation is complete, the handler will be called:
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example1
----
=== Executing queries
To execute a query use SQLConnection.query(java.lang.String, io.vertx.core.Handler)
The query string is raw SQL that is passed through without changes to the actual database.
The handler will be called with the results, represented by ResultSet
when the query has
been run.
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example2
----
The ResultSet
instance represents the results of a query.
The list of column names are available with ResultSet.getColumnNames()
, and the actual results
available with ResultSet.getResults()
The results are a list of JsonArray
instances, one for each row of the results.
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example3
----
You can also retrieve the rows as a list of Json object instances with ResultSet.getRows()
-
this can give you a somewhat simpler API to work with, but please be aware that SQL results can contain duplicate
column names - if that's the case you should use ResultSet.getResults()
instead.
Here's an example of iterating through the results as Json object instances:
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example3__1
----
=== Prepared statement queries
To execute a prepared statement query you can use
SQLConnection.queryWithParams(java.lang.String, io.vertx.core.json.JsonArray, io.vertx.core.Handler)
.
This takes the query, containing the parameter place holders, and a JsonArray
or parameter
values.
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example3_1
----
=== Executing INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
To execute an operation which updates the database use SQLConnection.update(java.lang.String, io.vertx.core.Handler)
.
The update string is raw SQL that is passed through without changes to the actual database.
The handler will be called with the results, represented by UpdateResult
when the update has
been run.
The update result holds the number of rows updated with UpdateResult.getUpdated()
, and
if the update generated keys, they are available with UpdateResult.getKeys()
.
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example4
----
=== Prepared statement updates
To execute a prepared statement update you can use
SQLConnection.updateWithParams(java.lang.String, io.vertx.core.json.JsonArray, io.vertx.core.Handler)
.
This takes the update, containing the parameter place holders, and a JsonArray
or parameter
values.
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example5
----
=== Callable statements
To execute a callable statement (either SQL functions or SQL procedures) you can use
SQLConnection.callWithParams(java.lang.String, io.vertx.core.json.JsonArray, io.vertx.core.json.JsonArray, io.vertx.core.Handler)
.
This takes the callable statement using the standard JDBC format `{ call func_proc_name() }`, optionally including
parameter place holders e.g.: `{ call func_proc_name(?, ?) }`, a JsonArray
containing the
parameter values and finally a JsonArray
containing the
output types e.g.: `[null, 'VARCHAR']`.
Note that the index of the output type is as important as the params array. If the return value is the second
argument then the output array must contain a null value as the first element.
A SQL function returns some output using the `return` keyword, and in this case one can call it like this:
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example8
----
When working with Procedures you and still return values from your procedures via its arguments, in the case you do
not return anything the usage is as follows:
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example9
----
However you can also return values like this:
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example10
----
Note that the index of the arguments matches the index of the `?` and that the output parameters expect to be a
String describing the type you want to receive.
To avoid ambiguation the implementations are expected to follow the following rules:
* When a place holder in the `IN` array is `NOT NULL` it will be taken
* When the `IN` value is NULL a check is performed on the OUT
* When the `OUT` value is not null it will be registered as a output parameter
* When the `OUT` is also null it is expected that the IN value is the `NULL` value.
The registered `OUT` parameters will be available as an array in the result set under the output property.
=== Batch operations
The SQL common interface also defines how to execute batch operations. There are 3 types of batch operations:
* Batched statements SQLConnection.batch(java.util.List, io.vertx.core.Handler)
* Batched prepared statements SQLConnection.batchWithParams(java.lang.String, java.util.List, io.vertx.core.Handler)
* Batched callable statements SQLConnection.batchCallableWithParams(java.lang.String, java.util.List, java.util.List, io.vertx.core.Handler)
A batches statement will exeucte a list of sql statements as for example:
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example12
----
While a prepared or callable statement batch will reuse the sql statement and take an list of arguments as for example:
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example11
----
=== Executing other operations
To execute any other database operation, e.g. a `CREATE TABLE` you can use
SQLConnection.execute(java.lang.String, io.vertx.core.Handler)
.
The string is passed through without changes to the actual database. The handler is called when the operation
is complete
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example6
----
=== Multiple ResultSet responses
In some cases your query might return more than one result set, in this case and to preserve the compatibility when
the returned result set object is converted to pure json, the next result sets are chained to the current result set
under the property `next`. A simple walk of all result sets can be achieved like this:
[source,$lang]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example13
----
=== Streaming
When dealing with large data sets, it is not advised to use API just described but to stream data since it avoids
inflating the whole response into memory and JSON and data is just processed on a row by row basis, for example:
[source,$lang]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example14
----
You still have full control on when the stream is pauses, resumed and ended. For cases where your query returns
multiple result sets you should use the result set ended event to fetch the next one if available. If there is more
data the stream handler will receive the new data, otherwise the end handler is invoked.
[source,$lang]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example15
----
=== Using transactions
To use transactions first set auto-commit to false with SQLConnection.setAutoCommit(boolean, io.vertx.core.Handler)
.
You then do your transactional operations and when you want to commit or rollback use
SQLConnection.commit(io.vertx.core.Handler)
or
SQLConnection.rollback(io.vertx.core.Handler)
.
Once the commit/rollback is complete the handler will be called and the next transaction will be automatically started.
[source,java]
----
examples.SQLExamples#example7
----
=== Closing connections
When you've done with the connection you should return it to the pool with SQLConnection.close(io.vertx.core.Handler)
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