001/*
002 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Guava Authors
003 *
004 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
005 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
006 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
007 *
008 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
009 *
010 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
011 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
012 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
013 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
014 * limitations under the License.
015 */
016
017package com.google.common.util.concurrent;
018
019import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
020import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
021
022import java.util.Queue;
023import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
024import java.util.logging.Level;
025import java.util.logging.Logger;
026
027/**
028 * <p>A list of listeners, each with an associated {@code Executor}, that
029 * guarantees that every {@code Runnable} that is {@linkplain #add added} will
030 * be executed after {@link #execute()} is called. Any {@code Runnable} added
031 * after the call to {@code execute} is still guaranteed to execute. There is no
032 * guarantee, however, that listeners will be executed in the order that they
033 * are added.
034 *
035 * <p>Exceptions thrown by a listener will be propagated up to the executor.
036 * Any exception thrown during {@code Executor.execute} (e.g., a {@code
037 * RejectedExecutionException} or an exception thrown by {@linkplain
038 * MoreExecutors#sameThreadExecutor inline execution}) will be caught and
039 * logged.
040 *
041 * @author Nishant Thakkar
042 * @author Sven Mawson
043 * @since 1.0
044 */
045public final class ExecutionList {
046
047  // Logger to log exceptions caught when running runnables.
048  private static final Logger log =
049      Logger.getLogger(ExecutionList.class.getName());
050
051  // The runnable,executor pairs to execute.
052  private final Queue<RunnableExecutorPair> runnables = Lists.newLinkedList();
053
054  // Boolean we use mark when execution has started.  Only accessed from within
055  // synchronized blocks.
056  private boolean executed = false;
057
058  /** Creates a new, empty {@link ExecutionList}. */
059  public ExecutionList() {
060  }
061
062  /**
063   * Adds the {@code Runnable} and accompanying {@code Executor} to the list of
064   * listeners to execute. If execution has already begun, the listener is
065   * executed immediately.
066   *
067   * <p>Note: For fast, lightweight listeners that would be safe to execute in
068   * any thread, consider {@link MoreExecutors#sameThreadExecutor}. For heavier
069   * listeners, {@code sameThreadExecutor()} carries some caveats: First, the
070   * thread that the listener runs in depends on whether the {@code
071   * ExecutionList} has been executed at the time it is added. In particular,
072   * listeners may run in the thread that calls {@code add}. Second, the thread
073   * that calls {@link #execute} may be an internal implementation thread, such
074   * as an RPC network thread, and {@code sameThreadExecutor()} listeners may
075   * run in this thread. Finally, during the execution of a {@code
076   * sameThreadExecutor} listener, all other registered but unexecuted
077   * listeners are prevented from running, even if those listeners are to run
078   * in other executors.
079   */
080  public void add(Runnable runnable, Executor executor) {
081    // Fail fast on a null.  We throw NPE here because the contract of
082    // Executor states that it throws NPE on null listener, so we propagate
083    // that contract up into the add method as well.
084    Preconditions.checkNotNull(runnable, "Runnable was null.");
085    Preconditions.checkNotNull(executor, "Executor was null.");
086
087    boolean executeImmediate = false;
088
089    // Lock while we check state.  We must maintain the lock while adding the
090    // new pair so that another thread can't run the list out from under us.
091    // We only add to the list if we have not yet started execution.
092    synchronized (runnables) {
093      if (!executed) {
094        runnables.add(new RunnableExecutorPair(runnable, executor));
095      } else {
096        executeImmediate = true;
097      }
098    }
099
100    // Execute the runnable immediately. Because of scheduling this may end up
101    // getting called before some of the previously added runnables, but we're
102    // OK with that.  If we want to change the contract to guarantee ordering
103    // among runnables we'd have to modify the logic here to allow it.
104    if (executeImmediate) {
105      new RunnableExecutorPair(runnable, executor).execute();
106    }
107  }
108
109  /**
110   * Runs this execution list, executing all existing pairs in the order they
111   * were added. However, note that listeners added after this point may be
112   * executed before those previously added, and note that the execution order
113   * of all listeners is ultimately chosen by the implementations of the
114   * supplied executors.
115   *
116   * <p>This method is idempotent. Calling it several times in parallel is
117   * semantically equivalent to calling it exactly once.
118   *
119   * @since 10.0 (present in 1.0 as {@code run})
120   */
121  public void execute() {
122    // Lock while we update our state so the add method above will finish adding
123    // any listeners before we start to run them.
124    synchronized (runnables) {
125      if (executed) {
126        return;
127      }
128      executed = true;
129    }
130
131    // At this point the runnables will never be modified by another
132    // thread, so we are safe using it outside of the synchronized block.
133    while (!runnables.isEmpty()) {
134      runnables.poll().execute();
135    }
136  }
137
138  private static class RunnableExecutorPair {
139    final Runnable runnable;
140    final Executor executor;
141
142    RunnableExecutorPair(Runnable runnable, Executor executor) {
143      this.runnable = runnable;
144      this.executor = executor;
145    }
146
147    void execute() {
148      try {
149        executor.execute(runnable);
150      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
151        // Log it and keep going, bad runnable and/or executor.  Don't
152        // punish the other runnables if we're given a bad one.  We only
153        // catch RuntimeException because we want Errors to propagate up.
154        log.log(Level.SEVERE, "RuntimeException while executing runnable "
155            + runnable + " with executor " + executor, e);
156      }
157    }
158  }
159}